Legal terminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal terminology - Essay ExampleEspecially bad were the members of a hoop called The Big Bad Wolves, each individual member known as a animate being. So reddened felt it was very fore take inable for trouble to come her way. One member of the Wolves used deceit to fix up up a scenario where he could trick inflammation out of her money. On that occasion this Wolf told cherry that his mother was ill in another state and he needed money to go see her. However, Red knew the Wolfs background and knew his mother was dead. Therefore, this amounted to fraud. Red thought such people were near mean per se, inter alia.Another Wolf once spuriously claimed he was a police police officer and tried to handcuff and block Reds way in the forest. This amounted to the torts of false arrest and false imprisonment. Worse, yet, this tortfeasor Wolf later claimed in a letter to a newspaper and to all who would get wind that it was Red who impersonated a police officer and not the other way aroun d as was the truth. Red knew the letter was libel and the oral statements slander. This same lowlife Wolf once tried to sue a doctor for malpractice who stopped to help him when he was injured. Luckily, the Good Samaritan Statute protected the doctor and the lowlife Wolf lost that lawsuit. While these are not willful torts like battery, this was pretty bad behavior on the part of this Wolf fellow and it was prudent of Red to be cautious.So, Red finally reached her grandmas house. Inside, however, were three Wolves surrounding grandma and her servant Millie. Millie helped grandma with her chores such as laundry and shopping. The three Wolves were up to no good. One Wolf was on his I-Pod conjuring up scams which amounted to a cybertort. Another Wolf was firing off up firecrackers and throwing them out the window. This constituted a nuisance to grandmas neighbors. The third Wolf held a large tree log over grandma and kept saying he was going to set her with it. This amounted to an as sault.Thereafter, grandma and Red

A+ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A+ - naming ExamplePerceived obsolescence is a concept which means that something has seemingly gone out of style merely it has not yet. In other words, basically recycling should be planned obsolescence, because as we become a garbageless society the recycling system will be perceived obsolescence and recognized as such at heart society, without a doubt. These are real concepts.Recycling only comparmentalizes garbage. We turn out increasing amounts of useful garbage to carve and reuse, threfore we must realize that when we throw away, there is no away, per se. The garbage is either being added to the amount of recyclable garbage in circulation or is added to the landfills.4. Since we cannot run a linear system on a mortal planet indefinitely, what is the solution if we are to become a sustainable society? Another way to plead this is you cant have unlimited economic growth with limited resources.If we become a sustainable society, we will be far less wasteful as a society. Once our resources become scarce, we are going to have difficulty finding new revenue sources. The problem is, we can no long-run depend on foreign oil to help our livelihood.The economy will not recover if we consistently fail to use our resources wisely. So, in effect, we must galvanize as a nation in determine to use them with caution and very sparingly. In order to accomplish this we must reign in our using up and not make waste and increase revenue.We need to ensure that the economic system is sustainable environmentally, if that makes sense. Our policies should debate ecological realities. The biological systems on which we depend should be supported by policies. If they are not, we will have future problems for sure.The political action groups (PACs) that lobby Congress must go green and become environmentally conscious and savvy and in the know about what we are doing to our environment.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sociology - Essay Example production line cannot operate any(prenominal)more by simply imposing their own culture in the workplace as well as to the customers. One important element of culture is language. Language is not merely words, objects or symbols. In occurrence, language embodies the value systems of a group of people. There is an established communication process in a certain culture that must be observed. For modeling, the case of Chevy Nova which was a real ejaculate because the come with failed to look the context of the word in Latin America. Another glaring example of wrongly communicating a product to the public was Pepsi-Colas campaign that offended the Chinese people. People subscribe to deep reverence for ancestors and did not want any form of dis repute for their ancestors coming back from the grave. Usually, western sandwich cultures standardized that of the United States use euphemisms or symbols in their language. This creates miscommunication that puts the companys products in a poisonous light. If Jerrys company would like to succeed in their overseas venture, then they should consult locals who are good in marketing and media relations so their messages would sound appropriate to the public. Bartels study has established the fact that the highest learning comes from interaction among global teams. Each culture has its own strengths that can be harnessed so people can work productively. The case of the guy who worked with Russians show that some cultures respect hard work. It is then hard to acquire the trust and confidence of another culture because they have different values systems. The depression step then could be working hard and showing that you mean business. On the other hand, the company should be firm yet considerate of its external environment. Shariff was right when he stated that simple things such(prenominal) as table manners can turn away clients resulting to lost income. It is very important for officers or managers assigned on an overseas assignment to study the culture of the country before making any policies or programs. A slight error can be costly as the case of Wal-Marts pull out in Germany costing the company 2 billion dollars. A good example of a company that succeeded is Mitsubishi because it imposes an international policy in the company that promotes to workers the value of cultural margin and respect for other human rights. Jerry can begin creating a committee that can formulate similar policies to starting line things right. Perhaps, seeking specialists in this area is a good idea as well as analyze Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions for every country that they would expand. Hofstedes study is valuable to people like Jerry to understand how and why certain groups of people act. For example, the Japanese highly value team work and frowns upon personal pride. gross revenue teams can be reworked in a way that it would promote teamwork in Japan rather than produce the best sal esperson lavish praises. Jerry and the committee can look for international companies that have models of cultural tolerance in the workplace. Jerry should not be afraid of expanding although he has heard of many negative reports of big businesses like Wal-Mart and Starbucks failing in another country. Instead, he can use these cases to prevent his company from following the analogous footstep. In the case of Starbucks in Australia, the company failed because at the very start of planning, the company analyzed plainly the business using a quantitative approach. It definitely created feasibility and

Motivation At Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Motivation At Work - Essay ExampleIKEA has somewhere around 12,000 products available on their website, which is very near to their products range. In 2005 a survey was conducted and it was reported by the gild that they had over 275 million hits on their website. The motto of the company is that are trying to create a better life for many people through their products.Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA in Almhult, Sweden by in 1943, when he was a17 years old boy. The work IKEA is the abbreviation of Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd. IKEA started out by sell all kinds of products like pens, runners, wallets, photo frames, watches, jewelry, furniture and stockings etc. anything that Kamprad thought that would sell at a decrease but reasonable price. It is the business idea of IKEA that they offer a wide range of foot furnishing products at process which are affordable by many people. (IKEA)In 1948 IKEA introduces furniture in their range. The furniture was produced by the local manufact ures in the forest closest to Ingvar Kamprads home. The response to the furniture was a positive matchless. Kamprad first gear started to sell the products out of his home and then he used mail order to deliver the products to his guests homes. In 1951 Kamprad saw an opportunity to sell his products through a catalog. The IKEA catalog which we know instantly was introduced to the world. 1n 1953 the first IKEA showroom was opened in Almhult, Sweden. In 1952 the concept of flat packing takes place and when one of the employees of the company took of a tables leg so that it would not be damaged in the delivering process and it can also fit in the car. After discovering this, the flat packs and self assembly products were include in the IKEAs range of products and they became an instant hit. In 1958 IKEA opens its first outlet in Almhult, Sweden. This outlet had 6700 sq meters of home furnishings displayed in that store and that was the largest

Direct and direct Causes of World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct and direct Causes of World War 2 - Essay recitationThe struggle was the most widespread state of warfare in human history, and directly involved over nose candy million people, from over 30 different nations (Axelrod 15). Most participating countries invested their industrial, economic, and scientific capabilities behind war efforts, erasing the trait that existed between military and civilian resources. Marked by massive deaths of civilians, strategic bombings of population or industrial center, and first time use of nuclear weapons, there were more than 50 million fatalities, making this war the deadliest conflict to hit human in history (Axelrod 16). Various factors and events are responsible for the outbreak of this war either directly or indirectly. The immediate cause for the outbreak of the Second World War was primarily considered by many to be Germanys invasion of Poland in 1939 (Ross 25). Hitler, who was the leader of the Nazi party, had established i of his m ajor objectives as domination of Europe, which was to be sought by force. Britain and France warned Germany against invasion of Poland and that they would declare war against them if they did so, therefore, when Hitler invaded Poland, war broke in Europe (Ross 26). Otherwise, this was just a short-term trigger of the war. There existed other down the stairs the surface tensions that had for long brewed tension amongst states, which played a key role in the outbreak of the war. Germany was dissatisfied with the Versailles Treaty.

Research Paper on Inflation for the Country China

On Inflation for the Country China - Research newspaper ExampleCauses of Higher Inflation in China Evidently, the higher inflation in China substructure be attributed to numerous factors. match to Yu (2011), the Chinese governments increased gold control terminate up in an artificial decline of foreign exchange rate of the Yuan and this adverse site in turn amplified manufacturing and export business activities. Macroeconomic theories clearly state that decline in the veritable value of currency is the most severe impact of higher inflation. At the same time, the cheaper Chinese currency made imported food items and energy resources unaffordable to the countrys people. Economists strongly argue that the countys new development rate have added to a severe demand pull inflation. In china, unbridled produce of consumerism together with rampant rise in population continues increase in consumer demand. Probably, the increasing consumer demand in turn would significantly augment b usiness activities and ultimately the cost of production. As a result, firms are compelled to displume higher prices for their products that would be unaffordable to lower and medium class customers. Many of the economists and corporate business magnets are of the ruling that the value of the Chinese Yuan would improve in near future. This expectation has resulted in huge inflows of warming money and other long term investments to the Chinese economy. This large volume money inflows to the country father asset bubbles in Chinese property market, especially in the industrially developed cities like affect and Beijing. Consequences of Higher Chinese inflation According to Feldstein (1998), it has been identified that the inflation always hurts peoples banner of living since rising prices force them to pay more(prenominal) for the same goods and services. As Flynn (2011) reports, the inflation has a luff influence on blow out prices in China as a result of governmental regulat ions that vehemently try to combat inflation. This situation makes the financial planning a troublesome task because the increased gas prices lead to home value loses. Inflation besides badly affected the peoples loneliness planning due to the increasing uncertainty regarding the future. Since the Chinese people are compelled to spend more and more on same goods and services, they would not have excess amount available to save. Similarly, if people expect save inflation, they are more likely to be extravagant as they envisage worse condition in near future. This economic condition turns to be one of the potential challenges to the Chinese economy as it may lead to further inflation. During the last three years, the difference between demand and supply and the resulted inflation went beyond Chinese governments control and consequently buyers trimmed down their day to day expenses in order to vie with the increasing price level. At the same time, producers cut down their output le vels so as to retain minimum profit margin. In total, both these situations seriously affected the economy as they minimized long term economic gains. How to Manage Inflation in Chinese Economy? According to Premier Wen Jibabo, China must continue efforts to control food and housing prices to ease navigation inflation and maintain economic development and social stability (cited in SPK Group Co., Ltd., 2011). Wen also advises authorities to increase the outputs of farm

Vandelay Industries, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vandelay Industries, Inc - Case Study Example multitude/ICS, Elaine Kramer has been given the responsibility of helping the organization in implementing the constitution properly so that it can chance on use of the system appropriately and manage exclusively the operations with utmost ease.The centering of Vandelay has been able to serve positively with the changing environment and have made sure that they are flexible enough to incorporated the changes happening in their industry and provide the customers with the best solution. In order to make sure that it had all the latest processes implemented in its premises, the management decided to revamp the technologies and machines the doing method was changed to lean production and machines were much simpler and cheap. It still continues to expand its product lines with careful market survey and ensures that it gives tough competition to its competitors.The inefficiency was lay down in their manufacturing and order fulfillment pr ocesses alongwith the Human Resource department. Although the new machines were technologically advanced but the train time was longer the careful analysis of the process revealed that the major hurdle was found in the teaching processing and information transfer processes. The employees lacked the training as well to work with R/3 system and that is why the whole process was suffering. Hence, the major area of concern is the efficient management of ERP process so that everything is well-integrated in the organization.The ERP/MRP system is the best system for the manufacturing concerns and with the help of this system, the production process will be deepen as the information flow regarding the order placement, progress and fulfillment will be easily recorded. The management will be able to ensure that the production methods are well-coordinated and customers are satisfied as well. In addition, all the systems of the organization will be well-integrated as financials, logistics, h uman resource, order management and manufacturing functions will

The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - look Paper Example erudition claims that these changes are due to genes which are present in our cells. In sanctify to find out how these changes are made, scientists carry out various tests with the help of cells and genes (cancer.org 1). These tests are called genetic try outs. some(prenominal) different tests in this regard are been carried out in order to enhance the understand of genes. Science has modified and now they are even able to create a life in laboratory or even clone living things. Whether these kinds of tests and experiments should be done or not, is an altogether a in truth argumentative topic thus people across the world have different views regarding it where some commit that there is no harm in it on the other hand others believe it to be prohibited. The study discusses the three common and controversial experiments ahead (Lederberg 519) Creation of Human Life Dr. Craig Venter and his team conducted an experiment in which t hey created an entirely new chromosome with the help of non-natural DNA which was made from chemicals. They transmitted this DNA in to a cell and observed that it was multiplying giving a real life evidence of it to be alive. This experiment was questioned by various scientists and Professors of various fields.

Motivation in work place Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Motivation in work draw a bead on - Assignment Exampleactor of need of the employees in the workplace is extremely important for deciding the carrying out levels of an organization which functions in the healthcare segment. As such, this search is conducted to evaluate the existing motivation levels, strategies and performance indoors the organization. Also, the motivation strategies that can be used by the business managers in the organization are considered and their applicative application is analysed. The research would be mainly based on secondary research methodology in which data would be gathered from the employee groups working in the NHS foundation Trust. The research report is structured in a methodical and step by step manner. Suitable research aims and objectives are designed followed by a thorough review of the available literatures on the topic of motivation. The literature review would help to admit a base for the development of the research work and for analys ing the collected data from a theoretical perspective. The research methodology including data collection techniques and data analysis methods are discussed. This is followed by the finding and interpretations that are derived by analysing the secondary data collected from the research. A well formulated conclusion is given to summarize the findings from the research. Also, a reflective diary that includes the approaches, views and opinions of the researcher is documented. An annotated bibliography is added to review the academic references used for the research work and for highlighting the enjoyment and use of these literary sources in the paper.The main aim of the research is to evaluate the factor of motivation in workplaces. This is done by understanding what motivation actually is and studying the different dimensions of motivation. The researcher aims to explore motivation form different perspectives and looks into the role of motivation in a workplace. Also, he looks into t he different strategies that may be used by the human

E-commerce, ebay and online auction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-commerce, ebay and online auction - sample ExampleThe transfer of goods is mediated via computer network. The value of transactions being carried out online has increased staggeringly and many organizations such as E-bay argon fully operating based on e-commerce while others ca-ca taken it as a partial means for distributing and marketing their goods. There are many forms of e-commerce networks and these accept Business-to-Business, Business-to-Government, Mobile-Commerce, Business-to-Consumer, and Consumer-to-Consumer. This paper looks at E-bay as a way of lifel for companies which have taken up e-commerce and successfully apply it in their operations (Cronin, 2000 Tapscott, et al., 2000). E-bay and E-commerce This is an internet based company from US and operates on a Consumer-to-Consumer e-commerce platform. Its main mode of operation is based on online auction and website for shopping where sellers advertise and sell their products and customers get to shop and profane pr oducts online. Its origin is based on a dot.com bubble of the 90s and has developed into a multi-billion company with international operations, nigh of which have been localized in many countries (eBay, n.d). The company deals in many categories of products, which are vividly displayed on its website at www.ebay.com. These product categories include fashion stores motors electronics collectibles and art interior designs and outdoors and decor entertainment deals and gifts brands and has the assort section. An interesting phenomenon about this company is how it has managed to bring its suppliers on board in that the suppliers have their products advertised on the e-bay website where customers and potential clients fag shop and buy. When it comes to its operations as far as e-commerce is concerned, this company has employed many of the close to sophisticated means of doing business online. The set-time auction process was restructured and expanded to include Buy It instanter sta ndard shopping has used shopping via SKU through the half.com classifieds advertisements such as kijiji online ticketing for events through the StubHub electronic gold transfers with companies such as PayPal and small seller options where a seller with a single product can still be linked and sell via eBay to the customer in need of the product (eBay, n.d). The company has bygone further to bring on board IT software experts or the applications developers. This has been done through the selling four-in-hand applications (SM Apps) option where approved developers are able to fully integrate the applications they have developed to interface with e-bay. These applications are then subscribed to by willing buyers by eBay members that need selling managers. It also does manage specialism sites. One of its prominent durability sites is eBay pulse which gives consumers information on the searches listed as popular, gives trends in shopping, and lists the items that are most watched. I t also has chat rooms, reviews, discussion boards, answer center and guides for consumers. Some more exciting feature is the most-unusual items specialty where people who use are able to cast their votes and could also nominate items that they could include on the list. Online auctions offered by eBay take different forms and customers choose depending on their interest. These include auction-style listing where a seller places items for sale and selects a given number of

Customer Expectations & Environment Analysis Essay

Customer Expectations & Environment Analysis - set about ExampleBus services with four lines serving the city and suburbs is complements the transportation options. Many of the rooms in this property have a great view of Lake Geneva and surrounding mountains.What we want is to create a space in surrounded by where the global glamourous/cool crowd meets the local hip crowd. This potency crowd is served well by the Swiss hospitality. We crack a space where Swiss efficiency meets the simple, new(a) and productive Scandinavian customs and traditions, providing convenient locations for lunch and after-work drinks.We used Google Hotel Finder to scan the competition in the area. We found places with rates as high as CHF400 at Lausanne Palace and places as low as CHF112 at Ibis Lausanne. Our target clientelle is well traveled and well-educated business professionals who are looking for exotic experience(s) rather than product(s) offereing mundane experience(s) and run of the mill envir onment.We differentiate ourselves from our competition by creating a novel space. Our hotel provide offer rates between CHF130-150 including power breakfast, the most important meal of the day, and more importantly free wireless local area network which not many properties have the facility. But it must be kept in mind that the price(s) will fluctuate depending on the season, day of week, and length of stay etc.Taking into account the location of the property, and bang in mind the target clients/customers/markets based on the analysis of benefits considered by the said clients/customers/markets, we are train to brand and position our concept as followsAs can be seen from the proposed pricing, we plan to place ourselves between the 5-star hotels and the economy/ budget ones. However, such a pricing does not mean that we will comprise on the facilities and amenities that are required by our target market. It will be affordable luxury, as expounded by

Connex Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Connex Market Research - Essay Exampleen the carcass was established, it was set up beneath assumptions and predictions made for stricter working hours and it is for the same reason that express trains were rarely run.However, express services had to be introduced as time passed and the 1970s axiom a major revamping of the Melbourne Train System. These changes were welcomed by commuters and the 1980s and 1990s saw an increasing subprogram of people choosing to take the train rather than to drive to their destinations (Morphet, 2008). However, the system was not knowing to meet an exponential increase in passenger demand and had to be stretched in its functioning in order to cope with the same. Issues began to develop in scenarios where train paths crossed each other and express trains had to carry on tracks as well as junctions, causing delays to take place. Considering the nature of the train system, it is evident that a one delayed train can cause a chain reaction of delays for other trains as well. erstwhile a delay occurs or a train is taken off operation, it causes an increase in the number of passengers trying to board an indivithreefold train, causing an increase in the time required for passengers to get on and off the trains. This time is also often referred to as Dual Time (Middeldorp & Klop, 2005). The increase in dual time causes trains to take longer at each station, causing even more increased delays. It is thereof clear that the implications in the case of a single delay in the train transport system are very similar to a Domino Effect.Needless to say, there is a strong deficiency for safety to remain uncompromising at all times but it is imperative to note that unless a balance between safety and efficiency is maintained, the train begins to lose its utility as a change mean.On January 28, rail commuters in Melbourne found themselves facing what came to them as nothing less than an odyssey when they discovered that closely 200 trains had been cancelled, bringing a halt to services on three lines.

Discrimination in the Legal Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discrimination in the Legal Profession - Essay precedentLegal profession requires autonomy and independent functioning because well-grounded system is a free activity. A legal professional has to execute his day-to-day activities continuously and effectively to the best of his ability. Usually only certified lawyers render legal assistance. Now paralegal service is becoming popular but there too, someone needs qualifications and has to clear prescribed examinations.Lawyers have to offer legal advice, draft documents like wills, statements, contracts and represent their clients. They be also responsible for drawing up requests, pleadings, complaints, and motions. Definitely they be not allowed to carry out any(prenominal) activities that are detrimental to their profession. Unless otherwise determined by law, organization would take up action against professionals who are not fully qualified to render legal assistance. Lawyers also have the right and duty to set about any acti on, law permitting, for the benefit of their client. Lawyers can buoy substitute for one another at times of emergency brake or difficulty. Lawyers can deny legal assistance if clients are defying economy of conduct or organisational code of ethics, or blatantly ignoring legal advice. If organisation gives a special duty to a solicitor, he can refuse it if it does not fall downstairs the purview of his specialisation and can cancel a tycoon of Attorney and hence, legal professionals enjoy freedom and individuality.Safekeeping and returning of documents, signing documents with the seal of law office, protection of confidences.... If organisation gives a special duty to a solicitor, he can refuse it if it does not fall under the purview of his specialisation and can cancel a Power of Attorney and hence, legal professionals enjoy freedom and individuality. Safekeeping and returning of documents, signing documents with the seal of law office, protection of confidences and secrets, providing data available are bankrupt of duties imposed on lawyers by professional organisation. They are protected from arrests (unless they commit criminal activities), their offices cannot be good searched without prior consent of a competent coquette, which will keep organisation informed of the search and Organisations representatives should be present during the search. And during such a search, secret documents could not be violated as it might be injurious to the clients cause and evidence obtained through such search cannot be used in the court against the client. Organisation allows the attorneys to charge according to the gravity of the case and even though there are definite rules governing the remuneration, mostly lawyers charge according to importance of case and client. Also lawyers are allowed to reimburse themselves from the deposited silver but the immediate settlement of remaining cash is their responsibility. Organisation keeps data of their offices, change of addresses and situations, joint offices, affiliations of legal professions. Legal organisational membership is mandatory and organisations are the face of legal profession of that country. Usually organisations advice liability insurance policy contracts to its members. Solicitors who mainly work in magistrate and county courts, barristers who usually work in Crown Courts, legal executives and judges

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

strategical adult male Resource Management - Essay ExampleStrategic Human Resource Management works through providing a framework larded with strategies of how to support the business in the prospicient term (Kramar, 2013). These strategies are also in accordance with the goals and outcomes of the businesses. It is also concerned with the issues of the employees in the long term and not only the short term ones. This therefore means that it deals with the macro concerns and macro morphological issues of the business in general These are things concerning quality, values and culture as well as the requirement resources needed to achieve altogether these. Strategic Human Resource Management is a complex excogitation and process and needs time. It also needs to draw from all the departments of the businesses hence jazzing them to work unneurotic to achieve the strategized goals and outcomes and within the provided time frame.Lengnick-Hall, et al, (2009) pinpoints that customers are becoming more demanding and expect quality to be change magnitude as well as being served on time and diligently. This is quite challenging to the employees who are already bundled up with other responsibilities of the strategies framework. With effective strategies in place, Strategic Human Resource Management meets will lead to increased customer expectation and values and also ensure long term sustainability.Strategic Human Resource Management is involved with a lot of changes all of which demand monetary attention to be fulfilled or upgraded. With the economic challenges of depression and with increased competition, finding enough capital to tackle all their projects is becoming a challenge to the organization and more so to the management who have to be answerable to the employees, shareholders and customers as well as to the delay in changes). There is however not enough literary productions on this part of capital as has been mentioned in the article

S it more accurate to say that presidents adapt to the critical events Essay

S it much accurate to say that chairpersons adapt to the critical events that happen during their time in index number, or be they more - Essay ExampleThe United States, which is both the greatest economy and democracy in the world, has influenced the course of level of the world. It therefore provides a definite relationship between death chairs and the diachronic occurrences. Among iconic presidents of the United States was Abraham capital of Nebraska, the sixteenth president of the United States who served until his untimely assassination in 1865. The events in his tenure including his assassination depicted the influence that the presidents had in shaping the score of their times. He served during some of the most tumultuous times in the area. He light-emitting diode the country through the most historic constitutional, moral and military crisis. His contribution and time in map consequently makes him the best president whose analysis may easily depict the role of pre sidents in influencing the history of their tenures (Burkhimer, 2003). Additionally, he provides an effective basis of comparison with some of the recent presidents such as the incumbent president Barack Obama and George Bush among many others who also served during some of the most tumultuous times in the history of the country. Presidents are always at the help of politics. They are influential people who readily access all the power brokers in a country. The American politics consists of a set of members of parliaments and senators all of who are influential in managing the domestic politics in the different states. The presidents on the other hand has influence over such and enjoy vast constitutional power to institute policies but with the consent of such politicians. Born and raised in a poor American family at a time that capitalism and slave craft was at the pick, Abraham Lincoln educated himself and later joined politics. He lost a senate seat in 1858 for maintaining a h ard line rejection for the plan to expand slavery. He was determined to repeal slavery in the country. Though not a Member of Parliament, the president influenced the lawmakers during his tenure as the president of the United States thus succeeding in emancipating the African Americans. The liberation of the black society in the United States was one of the greatest historical occurrence in the country that earned Abraham Lincoln both friends and foes in equal visor thus possibly leading to his assassination. His role in liberating the African Americans and safeguarding the rights of the marginalized society to take part in election in the countrys constitution was a self-depiction of the influence that presidents have over the historical occurrences. Slave trade had employed millions of American capitalism merchants it had necessitated the agrarian revolution thus developing the countrys economy. Vouching for the abolition of slave trade and developing an equal American society i n which the African Americans would enjoy equal rights as their white counterparts was therefore a major historical occurrence. The success to end slavery was not a timely occurrence it was not any time coming. President Abraham Lincoln worked hard and tried all he could to convince and black mail some of the members of parliament to cause and pass the bill that would change the countrys constitution. The desire to free the society had cost him his semipolitical career in the past but his determination finally bore fruits thus possibly resulting in his assassination. The life and works of president Abraham Lincoln portrays the influence tha

Principles of Banking and Finance Essay Example for Free

Principles of Banking and Finance studyWhat does Sub-Prime Crisis style? Sub Prime lending which is also known as near-prime, non-prime and second chance lending, means lending to people who might deport trouble repaying the loan out-of-pocket to income ability or character ratings which previously would not receive been available to them. Credit ratings that might be not favorable to them with the standards answer up initially by m angiotensin-converting enzymetary Institutions slowly dwindle to less strict under-writing of loans. which could also due to an influx of foreign capital making lending easier to these group of people, the investment banks that sold the repack mount up mortgages to the consumers which is unity of the federal agency to fund for capital, and the Housing urban Development of America policy to ensure that its citizens has access to mortgage loans easily. The cheaper sp be-time activity reckon packaged by the Financial Institutions which seems more affordable for the consumer for the first 1 to 5 long time and the thereafter interest group step would cause jumped significantly. The loans here generally referred to mortgage loans. The Crisis started or snowball into what it was in 2007 in my opinion was due to greed.Greed into thinking that the belongings boom would continue in sempiternity so that the borrowers could immediate payment in out more from their current property market valuation, with this cash out in terms of personal loan they could fund or finance their lifestyle be it buying a new property for investment purposes, to flip or for rental. For the luxury in life they choose to admire now, expenditure future money. As the miserliness slowed, jobs are being taken away from corporation in America to other countries which have a cheaper source of overhead expenses and manpower. People are being retrenched then causing them to start defaulting on their loan repayments. A statistic done has shown that the American households do not have any savings save was laden with debt instead. The housing bubble burst, the market does not have that oftentimes capital as it used to have to continue to push property prices up anymore, thus causing the market to slow overall, foreclosures of their properties was happening. Consumers was also unable to obtain a refinancing which they had planned previously to lower their interest rate again when it went up, as financial institutions feel the pinched and controlled its lending. How did the Financial Institutions played a quit in this?In the prehistoric banks have financed their mortgage lending activities through the deposits they receive from their customers. This has confined the substance of mortgage lending they could do. In recent long time, banks have designed a new model where they repackage these mortgages to be sold to the bond markets. This has made it a lot easier to fund additional borrowing from the investors and interest rate w as low. But it has also led to abuses as banks no longer have the incentive to check guardedly the mortgages they issue to the lenders. The failure to check and curb lending in return for the possibility of profit was one of the causes. The first sign of the sub-prime crisis was as early as 2007 when HSBC Finance which is part of the banks north American accessory has to write off 880 million in sub-prime lending. The business has become unsustainable as borrowers started to default. The new model which we have come to know is known either as Mortgaged patronizeed Assets or Collateral Debts Obligations. The repackage mortgages are being sold to the bond markets, before they can be sold, attribute rating agency get out determine and crock up the model a rating.A credit rating for an issuer takes into consideration the issuers credit faithfulness example its ability to pay back a loan, and affects the interest rate applied to the particular security system being issued. These MBS or CDOs as it has come to know are usually marketed to countries which has a surplus in its balance sheet as it was generally known that Asians believe in savings rather than spending future money thus the products were usually marketed in Asia, It is allege that the rating agencies experienced from conflicts of interest, as they were pay by investment banks and other firms that organize and sell these structured securities to investors. If there are not to give favorable ratings to these products they risk the underwriter of these securities to another rating agency. It would be hard to sell these products if they are not being given a rating to begin with. Once they are sold the banks have in a way diverted part of the risk to the consumers. Investors should not rely too heavily on these ratings agencies opinions but instead carry out their own homework in the safeness of debt level as comfortably as others related securities.Probably the opinions of the agencies enable them to get a conclusion, however based on past decade of event, it can only be consider as off base when it comes to the risk of credit event. Investors should try to put themselves in the shoes of the product pushers, asking themselves very important points like, why do you need to sell these products? Do you own any of these products yourself? If it is as good as you mention have the private investors bought and participated a substantial amount of their savings in it? Perhaps there need to be some form of intermediaries whereby no conflict of interest go forth affect their opinion and report of these products. A case study in capital of capital of Singapore itself which has made headlines during this crisis was the minibond saga which was being sold in Singapore by a couple of Financial Institutions. The originator of this series of structured products was the now defunct Lehman Brothers. The Minibond was being illustrated to the local anaesthetic consumer as a bond which is not t he case it is actually a Collateral Debts Obligations. The relationship managers in banks are eager to sell the product because of the high commission and the consumer who are eager to buy because the returns are much higher than the fixed deposit being offered by the banks.An estimated of 500 million Singapore dollars was purchased for the Minibonds by consumers. It stirred a series of conflicts with the Financial Institutions that sold these products, the consumers cried fouled into being mis-sold of it, some of the consumers managed to get back part of their investment and vowed not to touch these structured products ever again. We can take a direct back into the 1990s where one of the policy set up and enforce by the Housing and Urban Development of America, was one of the cause of the sub prime crisis. With the support of the government, HUD has less mortgage restriction requirements on its borrowers. The mandate was that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which was regulated by HUD, was to generate up to 8 million more homeowners in America. It was known as the National Homeownership Strategy. No down payment was required, 100% financing for the property was the norm. This was partly possible due to the influx of cheap money in the market, with this cheap money consumers speculated with the market, they kept buying new homes thus the good years of where the appreciation of the property keep going up.Financial Institutions dare to lend due to the market corporate trust that it can only keep going up, borrowers confidence that the market too can only keep going up. A check with HUD official website, on the face of it the US government is still supporting home ownership program without first addressing a enduring income issue. Only with a stable income can a person make regular commitment to his or her housing loan commitment. Kudos to the Singapore government for taking appropriate actions during the last few years when their economy was recovering, the measu res taken to prevent over speculation of the property market in Singapore. Homebuyers with the extra cash were snapping up properties, either for owners occupation or for investment purposes. The government either versed from the Sub-prime crisis or foreseen that if it continues the way it is going, a market cut off might be imminent or the crash will be too fast and hard, no soft landing for the consumers.As they knew that property market have its up and down. Steps was taken, it used to be 90/10. Whereby the buyer have to come up with 10% cash and the remaining 90% can be financed through a financial institutions disregardless of the number of property they currently owned. It was changed to 80/20 master, 20% of which is the owners own cash an 80% through financing. Surprisingly it did not deter the consumers, the market still kept soaring. The next rule implemented was the 80/20 rule for first time buyers, meaning buyers without any current mortgage loan, for buyers with an e xisting mortgage which was not yet remunerative up they are only eligible for 60/40. 60% financing for their new property and an increased in the stamp duty to be paid for to the government if it was their 3rd property for Singaporean. The hardest hit was the foreigners who are seeking to invest their money in Singapore properties as they have to pay additional 10% stamp duty which is likely to deter well-nigh of them. Prices still kept going up, the latest ruling was much more complex than the previous few.If one is looking at 80% financing one can only borrow up to the age of 65 years old and tenure of not more than 30 years. Which was not the case previously, in previous scenario it was dependent on different Banks guideline in Singapore, they could lend up to the age of 70, 75 or 80. They stepped in and put a cap at 65 as they believe that is the retirement age. If you want to extend your loan tenure your financing amount will drop to either 60% or 40%. I believe the governme nt did this as they knew that the US is going ahead with decimal Easing 3, they want to prevent too much hot money from landing in Singapore shore.To sum up, we learned from our mistakes and grow not to make the same mistake twice. A healthy economy is based on real economic goods with value. Hopefully US can still continue to take in innovative products like Apple and keep their manufacturing production in US soil, get employment rate up. The citizens have to maintain their expectations in terms of salary wise and spend within their means. Tighten up their way of lending and controlling Banks to a certain extent, a culture that is profit driven but with ethnics. Can heed the investment guru jim rogers advice to focus on farming as there will be a food shortage in time to come. Induce good saving habits in everyone to save up for a rainy day.http//www.ethicalquote.com/docs/SubprimeMortgageCrisis.pdfhttp//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7073131.stmhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmen t_policies_and_the_subprime_mortgage_crisis http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/09/AR2008060902626.html http//www.thetruthaboutmortgage.com/mortgages-with-no-money-down/ http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2816291/HSBC-hit-by-sub-prime-crisis.html

Linguistics and their realationship to Teaching Essay Example for Free

Linguistics and their realationship to Teaching EssayAbstract This paper is an enterprise to analyze the anyiance amid linguistics and speech dis stratum instruction. Linguistics is a science and precept plot of ground technical is withal an art yet they are closely related to each otherwise in the case of lyric memoriseing. The foreign run-in instructors need to include selection, grading and presentation as their primary(prenominal) steps. Linguistics plays an authoritative role in the whole process of teaching by helping to drive on a teachers understanding of the workings and systems of the address they teach. Applied Linguistics is re eachy about the melding of these 2 actions.The kinship between Linguistics and manner of speaking Teaching. Linguistics is defined as the scientific study of speech. Linguistics is consequently divided into several branches which study antithetic accepts of its use. Descriptive linguistics, historical and comparative lin guistics, which it is based on systemology. coeval and Diachronic linguistics, which it is based on the aspect of changes over time. Ph championtics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics, which is based on a vocabulary as a system. Sociolinguistics this is related to or combined with the discip demarcations of linguistics and sociology.Its interest is in the relationship between language and society. It industrial plant to explains why people Use different speech in different neighborly contexts. Its area of study is the social functions of language to convey social meaning. The social relationships in a community, and the way people signal aspects of their social identity through their language (Jenet Holmes, 2001). Sociolinguistics also is concerned with the fundamental interaction of language and settings. (Carol M. Eastman, 1975 113).The other expert defines it as the study that is concerned with investigating the relationship between language and society with the go al of a betterunderstanding of the structure of language and of how languages function in communication ( Ronald Wardhaugh, 1986 12) Psycholinguistics relates to the combined disciplines of psychology and linguistics.Psychology is defined as the systematic study of humankind experience and air or as the science that studies the behavior of men and other animals. Knight and Hilgert in Abu Ahmadi,(1992). It covers language development. (Lim Kiat Boey). The other definition of psycholinguistics is that it is the study of human language-to-language comprehension, language production, and language acquisition (E. M. Hatch).The research d one on the relationship between linguistic theory and language teaching feces be traced back to the late nineteenth century. Its relationship has been discussed and debated for many years and researched extensively. Since this time different research proposed by different scholars has been dis regularizeable and ready to be largely inconclusive. In the 1960s it was decided that in that location needed to be a reassessment.The proof that was formed went in two two main directions of thought with differing points of view. One viewpoint was that linguistics is non as relevant as it was first thought to be, and its importance was overrated.Such linguists as Lamendella (1969) and Johnson (1967) pulled their discrimination to regard linguistics as the basis of a strategy of learning. Lamendella (1969) thought that it was a mis vex to note to transformational grammar or any other theory of linguistic description to provide the theoretical basis for blurb language command. What is needed in the field of language teaching are not applied linguists unless rather applied psychologists. The other point of view was to recognize that the general contri aloneion of linguistics was heavy.This came though with a proviso that teaching language was not to be bound to only follow one theory alone. The idea being that different linguisti c theories go off offer different perspectives on language, and they can all be treated as equivalent resources useful for teaching. L flatson (1979 ) once said, no one inculcate of linguistic analysis has a monopoly of truth in the description of the phenomena of speechtraditional school grammar, TG grammar, all these and to a greater extent(prenominal) can be shown to have their own particular relevance to the language teaching situation.By1960 the linked States, reached its peak of the influence of structural linguistics upon language Teaching. Structural linguistics stressed the importance of language as a system and investigates the place that linguistic units such as sounds, lyric poem and sentences have at heart this system. This then associated with behaviorism provided the principal theoretical basis of the audio lingual theory. This then influenced language teaching materials, techniques and the teachers educations. Behaviorism led to theories, which explained how an external event, causes a change in the behavior, without any kind of mental interaction.It also stressed the importance of repetition and practice in learning a second language, this I study is a vital factor in learning a foreign language. If we look at the audio-lingual method, it emphasizes (1) The teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing (2) The use of dialogues and drills (3) The avoidance of the use of the experience tongue in the classroom. Audio-lingual method regards speaking and listening as the basic skills, this is in line with todays position teaching situation. The Mentalist Approach In the 1960s Chomsky formulated the mentalist approach.The hypothesis was considered that human behavior is much more complex than animal behavior. Chomsky, felt that we are born with a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), which enables a peasant to make a hypotheses about the structures of a language in general, and also the structure of the language being learned more importantly. By the end of the sixties, in that location were new developments in teaching language starting to occur. The TG theory had a big impact resulting in a change in teaching methods. It was opposed to the empiricist theory, that is, teaching audio linguistics, linguistically structuralism and psychologically behaviorism.TG theory. 1 It stresses mental activity. 2 It postulates that all human beings have an innate ability to learn a language. 3 That it is an inborn instinctual ability and not practice that made human beings obtain the rules of a language and understand and can produce countless numbers of sentences. The Natural Method was successfully used in various language schools in the USA and Europe in the late 19th and the early twentieth century. In the post-World War I decades, the direct method was adopted into English language teaching (ELT) this hardened a solid intellectual and practical foundation for developing ELT as an autonomous profession.Some ling uists, the sames of Diller (1970), openly declared his preference for the cognitive position while others, like Chastain (1976) and Rivers (198125-27) held that the two theories were complementary and served different types of learners or teachers or represented different phases of the language learning process. Applied Linguists brought about the situational approach and the fanciful/functional method. It is based on a broader framework for the description of language use called communicative competency proposed by Hymes, This brought about the communicative approach to language teaching came into being.In 1970s, a group of scholars including Oller (1970) and Widdowson (1978), were linguists scarce at also closely in touch with teaching practice. They gave language teaching and language pedagogy the linguistic direction they regarded as essential. Since they were in touch with language teaching practice and linguistic so had a two-way view of the problem, they placed emphasis on real language and its communication and use. To take Ollers interest in pragmatics as an example.Oller (1970507) claimed that pragmatics has implications for language teaching it defines the goal of teaching a language as prompting the schoolchilds not merely to manipulate meaningless sound sequences, but to send and have got messages in the language. The students in China start English when they are in primary school. In the past, more attention was paid to the grammar, the result was very disappointing Now the emphases is on speaking and listening. The audio-lingual method is now used in the classroom. In China, more people need to learn English in order to have the ability to communicate with foreigners.In this case, speaking and listening is much more important than being able to read and pen. They are not expected to have a high take aim of English and their aim is simple, they need to communicate with a foreigner so they can understand their words and express themselves w ell. This is based on simple daily conversation. A market sale and line of credit or being able to work in the tourism industries. Basic conversation and understanding can be very helpful in everyday conversation exchanges. The Audio-lingual method stressed the repetition and it theorizes that a language is learnt through the formation of habits.To speak English fluently, without constant practice, is im realistic. So in our English teaching, we moldiness help our students speak and listen well. Expressing ourselves properly is not always an easy thing, especially if its an emotionally charged topic. Even an English major whitethorn roughlytimes see it problematic to express just now what they mean so it is understood by the other person in a way that is understood by all. When I go to Cambodia I find the generally that the population though not taught English in school has good English conversation capacity.They may not read or write but I feel if they had the opportunity to l earn now they have grasped the basic language that they would with more ease. There is a need for them to talk and sell to foreigners so they have had a need and fillip to learn and the fact that their using it every day also helps. Though there are of course talented students I find in siamese connectionland the communication level is not good as a lot of emphases is but on reading, writing and grammar, that many times, is not really understood or comprehended. Thai students learn form primary but they do not always have a argue to speak out of the classroom.One lesson a week in speaking and 3 of grammar I find makes the students scared to use the language. I teach with Thailand teachers and due to a some general pronunciation problems the students are confused about the sounds of the words and how to string them together. Confidence helps a lot just talking even if it is wrong. I always attempt to inspire confidence as I feel it is very important for speech. In my opinion, lingu istics and language teaching relationship is a dual one.There are some theories of linguistics that can be applied to language teaching, i. e.linguistics guides in development of language teaching theory. On the other hand, a language teaching theory expresses or implies answers to questions about the nature of language. It is necessary for a language teacher has some hunch forwardledge about, the systems of languages.A teacher should understand how the language works and expresses meaning and the structures that are used in the language being taught. A teacher call for to know how to make the phonic sounds and the mechanics to produce these sounds. This helps with pronunciation problems that students will encounter.By studying linguistics a teacher will have a deeper insight into the nature of language and the language the student speaks as theyre first language. If we agree that the use of a language is a matter of habits and practice, then a teacher needs to implant the habit o f using it for communication until it becomes second nature. Conclusion Linguistic theory is continually developing and teaching theories are constantly changing as is the language itself. This alone demands a steadfast study of languages and the relationships between linguistic theory and language teaching methods.There are many techniques and theories but no one concept or technique can take in the Different needs student may have and the differing ways people learn. This is a science in its self. There can be many differences in understanding between the L1 and L2 language from different cultural understandings and different sounds that may be new to the learner. There are many ways a culture will express its self along with idiosyncrasies and local knowledge of the everyday life in the culture. They say when you understand card you start to know a language.If one could take every student as an individual and teach them the best way they learnt one would be assured of good resu lts. Knowing the basic individual attributes the child had can enable to teacher to create classes designed for their individual needs. This is a luxury that tutors can fork over their students but in the classroom one dose not have so much control. A practical framework designed to suit the most students and the context that is the most appropriate. The Relationship of Linguistic Materials for the plunk for Language Teacher.Because of political, economic and also technical changes, English has become widely taught as an official business language worldwide, also as a second language to immigrants in English-speaking countries to gain ledger entry and work, and as a foreign language in many non-English-speaking countries. This is also largely due to the estimator so there is a universal language for coding and business. There are many theories on different ways to teach and different scholarly thoughts on the best process. I feel that this depends on the type of English you are teaching.Since there are many different needs a student may have. In China the emphases is on communication with foreigners on a daily basis like selling them something in a market or doing business. In other countries such as Thailand the emphases is put on Grammar and writing and reading and only a small part into communication. So while there are still many theories on the best way to teach I feel in my knowledge so far that it is best to learn as many ways as possible and how they work in the different environments. Applied Linguistics is really about the melding of these two actions but not the scope of this essay.One of the most fantastic Linguistic help I think the corpus is one of the best ways to get relevant vocabulary for your students. This is helpful for Syllabus and plan planning and for all areas of language teaching. References Chastain, K. (1976). Developing here and now-Language Skills Theory to Practice. Chicago Rand McNally. Diller, K. C. (1970). Linguistic the ories of language acquisition in Hester 19701-32. Johnson, M. (1967). Definitions and models in curriculum theory. Educational Theory, 17127-40. Lamendella, J. T. (1969). On the irrelevance of transformational grammar to second language pedagogy.Language Learning, 19255-70. Levenson, E. A. (1979). Second language lexical acquisition issues and problems. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin, 4147-60. Oller, J. W. (1970). Transformational theory and pragmatics. Modern Language Journal, 54504-507. Rivers, W. M. (1981). Teaching Foreign-Language Skills. Second edition. Chicago and London University of Chicago Press. Widdowson, H. G.. (1978). Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford Oxford University Press. .? Zeki Hamawand, Z. Morphology in English countersignature formation in cognitive grammar. continuum. Publishing. ( Zeki Hamawand, Z. (2011).

The Effect of Television on Children Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Television on Children EssayIt is clear that television plays a vital procedure to drive this creation. It has good sides. It can be entertaining and educational, and open up a new world for the children, by giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about cultures, religion, and gain m both ideas they whitethorn never encounter in their own society. There is a big gap between kids who rise up up with television and those who dont grow up with television. However the reverse is can to a fault true. Children argon likely to learn things from television that parents dont want to them to learn.Television can ask kids health, behavior and devalue their life. Childrens health is the first thing affected with television. As we realize, there are many food commercials on television recently. Children are ready to imitate and believe what they watch on a television with their immature mind. They should not think things from different perspectives. According to the American journal of clinical nutrition, boys are susceptible to food cues in commercials. Moreover, girls try to keep their body slim or hitch sexy.They try to figure out how to stay thin and as a result they stop take regularly. Consequently, when there bodies dont get enough nutrients they easily exposed for opportunistic pathogens or any kind of disease. Imitating violence behavior is the other effect of television. Many young children who grow up with obstreperous channels of television are trying to copy those characters what they watched on pics or and show. As I mentioned earlier, childrens mind is ready to copy everything like a copy machine.No doubt, they imitate whether good or bad characters they see on a television screen. In addition, television makes believe for kids. The people in the stories can make believe. All those are actors and the stories are not true but children are otiose to realize the facts. Do not think further take an example yourself when you wat ch a movie how it switch your mind and you biased on one side. It is obvious to see many adults were overwhelming age they watch show or any kind of drama.So if it affects adults what do think about kids who agree immature mind? Moreover, kids imitate some drugs use or alcohols while they see when some actors have it on their movie. Reducing the value of life is the most important effect of television. Some children are abandoned on Television more than six hours a day. What we predict from this? The answer is very clear for everybody. When kids piddle more time for television they forget to do their regular school assignments. It takes their study time and thence they enforced to fail on exams.They may argue with their parents for their poor performance and finally they exposed for intricate life such as prostitute and other unnecessary duties like drugs trafficking etc. To wrap up, evening though television has side effects on the general life of children, I dont deny the excellent side of television which plays a key role to change their life too. So that, to solve those problems I mentioned in the above parents must play a vital role by selecting or set up necessary channels in terms of their child age.

Footnote to Youth Reaction Paper Essay Example for Free

Footnote to Youth Reaction Paper EssayThe young person is the consent of motherland.It has always been said that we, the youth, is the swear of our democracy. This has been the mentality of almost everybody in the society. I, myself had this mentality strongly grow in my mind before I had read the story, Footnote to Youth. Yes, the youth could possibly be the apply of our country or even of the world. As many have said, we are creative, dynamic, good thinkers, marvelous doers and a lot more. All these positive things also have corresponding negative thoughts from those who go int consider in our capacity. They say we are lazy, dependent, coward, apathetic and a lot more. I think it is neither indolence nor dependence that drives us youth into somebody useless in the society. We never insufficiencyed to be fix reasonable a piece of crap of course. We always have wanted to do something extraordinary not entirely for ourselves sake. We have always wanted to be something the older and younger generation would be proud of. For me, the quandary is not within us. It is on how our parents and the people around us treat us and affects us. I check our minds are not as weak as the minds of the little children.We cannot be easily manipulated. But were not also as fixed-minded as the older people. We need guidance. How can we be the hope of the country if our parents themselves dont lead us to the right path? How can we be the hope if our parents themselves dont believe that there is real hope from within us? How can we be the hope if our parents themselves cannot correct the mistakes we do? Just like Dodong and Blas, we are preoccupied of the thinking that we can do everything we want to that we are ready to do the things that the older people can that what we think is always right. Yes we can do everything if we really insist to but without the guidance of our parents or the older people who know better, we will never know if we are making the right steps toward the right road. They hold the key that runs the engine of hope within the youth. I still believe that we, the youth, is the hope of the motherland but this will just come to reality if the older generation, especially our parents know how to bring out the best in us.-Jogie Rodriguez Torres, BST- IVJune 25, 2013

Images of female bodies Essay Example for Free

Images of female bodies EssayImages of female bodies and female sexuality are displayed everywhere. Many images of women visualized in the mainstream media glorify the standard image of women and the feminine ideal. This paper discusses the way in which the media portrays the feminine ideal in mainstream media and compares the feminine ideal with the masculine ideal and the ideal image of women depicted in prior periods of history.The perfective tenseion that is idealized in the mainstream media is deliberating to women where images of beautiful women are plastered all around them and they feel that they penury to place to a perfect celebrity image by being the perfect weight, wearing the silk hat clothes and buying the latest make up that makes them look as beautiful as celebrities such as Scarlett Johansen. Media activist Jean Kilbourne is at the forefront of this media debate and argues that the images of women in the media means that current cleaning womans bodies have become invisible in the mass media.Advertising creates a mythical, mostly colour world in which people are rarely ugly, overweight, poor, struggling or disabled, either physically or mentally. (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast). The problem of this feminine ideal is that media images of beauty are unattainable for most of the women that aspire to this perfect image. The portrayal of the ideal body shape in celebrities applies a cultural pressure to be concentrate and achieve the ideal body shape on women who read magazines and the like.They sell values, images, and concepts of success and worth, love and sexuality, popularity and normalcy. They sort us who we are and who we should be. (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast) In contrast to the way that females are depicted mainstream media today it is arouse to look at ways that females were portrayed in prior periods of history. The more robust female gauge was glorified in the past as seen in the art works and described in the belles-lettres of yester year.As time goes on the image of the feminine ideal is becoming smaller and smaller. It is not only the female body that is imaged in the media but the masculine form as well. Masculinity is constructed in a similar way to which femininity has been constructed over the past few decades. Mainstream media representations play a role in enforcing the media representations of men and what it means to be a real man in society.Traits that are typical of this real man image include but are not limited to self -control, control of others, pugnacity and physical desirability. In conclusion, it is clear to see that the media now portrays an ideal image for both women and men to aspire to and that it is the media that idealizes and constructs this perfect and sometimes unattainable image. References Kilbourne, Jean. The Beauty and the Beast of Advertising. In Diana George John Trimbur (Eds. ) Reading Culture (pp. 178-184). late York Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999.

Letter for Google Essay Example for Free

Letter for Google EssayDear Mr. SchmidtFrom the inception, the field of Sales and Marketing has enticed me at its trump and has motivated me to opt for such courses that further foster my interest in the same field and manakin up more skills. Therefore, I did my bachelors in which I opted Marketing courses as my electives, and now I am doing MBA in the same field. Taking courses does not suffice in fact, there must be several(prenominal) practical work experience where we croupe apply what we ease up actually learned. As far as the work experience is concerned, I have done two internships first in an FMCG company and the reciprocal ohm in a Pharmaceutical company.I have been part of industries that have dynamic sales and trade departments therefore, I made the most of my internships and learned as much as I could along with develop good relationships with the employees. I have build up certain skills and abilities that include not only judgment the customers and their attitudes, but also charge them satisfied, boosting up sales, and create by mental act effective marketing campaigns.Google is an organization where I tolerate apply my existing knowledge and skills and further polish them, since the Sales and Marketing of Google is quite strong and have loads of knowledge and expertise to be acquired. I have highlighted some of my key skills and qualifications as follows cogency to understand other peoples attitudes and behavior and act accordingly this involves the presence of Emotional experience Ability to work as a team member and as a team leader, keeping counterparts motivated and directed towards the goals Strong forecasting and decision-making skills Adept in making marketing plans, conducting feasibility studies, devising creative ideas and effectively implementing them Some Human Resources skills such as, organization, administration, motivation, and managing the resources efficientlyMy knowledge, skills, and hand-on experience would be suitable tolerable for your organization and can benefit it. Moreover, I would welcome the opportunity to have an interview for internship where I can express my qualifications in a better way. I am really looking forward to it and would be grateful to you. Thank you for your consideration.Sincerely,NameEnclosureReferencesVideo attached

Writing letter Essay Example for Free

Writing letter EssayI am writing this letter to recommend Connie Fan, whom I met Connie Fan on the first day of soaring school. She sat a few seats behind me in our Freshmen Composition class, and I didnt even notice her until the period bell rang. Her gentle office and sweet, unassuming nature appealed to me. Her well-rounded personality force me in even further.Since the first few weeks of our friendship, I have noticed that Connie is an explorer of many sorts. She loves to deliberate into the nooks and crannies of every setting she encounters. Whether it is the hallways of a new school, the streets of a city, or the pages of a book, she is an adventurer whose curiosity constantly dares her to discover the unknown.She showed me the difference between knowing and experiencing. Together we sought to uncover the remnants of a citys history or a schools past, walking its pavements and hallways until our feet swelled with pain. Her inquisitive nature makes her a great scholar. Connie Fan is an ambitious individual whose boldness and sense of direction are always an stirring for her friends. Her physical appearance does not match her actual character.What lies beneath the small frame and the gentle voice is a woman of tremendous fortitude and stature. Rich with the abundance of friends that she has made, she cherishes each moment with her friends and family and would never push away them. She is also a confidant woman who takes pride in her background, her culture, and her identity. She embraces her achievements but never forgets her failures or the travel that she had to undertake to reach her destination.We encouraged one and only(a) another to challenge ourselves and to take as many classes to protract the scope of our knowledge as well as to participate in extracurricular activities. She was eager to bestow to the Stuyvesant community, and so we time-tested erupt for the twelvemonthbook committee, the track and gymnastics team, and we sing toge ther. When both of us tried out for the track team sophomore year and neither of us made it, she pushed me to try out again. Her persistence is one of her greatest gifts. We did the result was sweat, anguish, and a story we could jest about when either one of us feels disheartened.Also equally important are her smile and her kindness. Her grin is large but welcoming, and her laugh is loud yet contagious. She is so often teased about her prominent mouth that I turn int think she realizes the importance her smile brings to others. Her smile is affectionate and she is always quick to flash it as it radiates warmth for those around her.Recently this year when we received our report cards and I broke pour down at the discovery of my grades, she showed me her infinite patience. She took my hand and led me to the same spot we sought out freshmen year and waited until I stopped crying. She let me pour out my feelings and resolve my own problems merely through talk of the town it out, of fering tidbits of advice along the way. She does this for many of her friends, adding a pinch of advice, offering a shoulder for support, mixed with that consolatory smile she is so well known for.One the whole, Miss Fan is a well-rounded and majuscule girl who is an ambitious, hardworking student. A dedicated scholar, she also has a friendly, easy-going personality that allows her to work well as a team member and would be a wonderful addition to Dartmouth. I respectfully postulation that you accept her application.

Asian Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Asiatic Stereotypes EssayStereotypes play a significant role in the lives of umteen individuals. Stereotypes can be hurtful and they can be helpful. Eric Liu combats Asian pigeonholes and his own thoughts of inferiority with a assured strategy of assimilation that leads to further the spread of Asian the Statesn stereotypes and the loss of his own individuality. When someone finds him or herself in an unfamiliar place, they tries to adapt to the surroundings by expireing in. Liu believes that the way to make it in America is to achieve whiteness (148). Liu believes to be successful one must bleach out the marks of a darker, dirtier retiring(a) and assimilate (148). When Eric Liu assimilated he was considered by whites to be an honorary white. He was c eached an honorary white because by all standards besides his cutis he was considered white and with that consideration came privileges that may not switch been extended to him otherwise. Liu was called a banana (yellow on the outside white on the inside) by other Asians, and was portrayed as a traitor by his own culture and family for embracing the power that comes from white quite a little and their tendencies.Liu was looked down upon and was not completely by either fly the coop. Many slew hate being considered part of a stereotype and sometimes act irrationally just to be set apart from the stereotype. The strategy that Liu used to bulge out away from the Asian American stereotype was by acting completely being to total reverse gear of what Asians are known for. Asians are stereotypically know for being very good at math and science, so Liu decided that he would study history. He lifted weights and went to the Marine officer candidate school to install that he was not lacking any physical or metal strength.However, Liu states that by working so to defy stereotypes, I became a slave to it. For to act self-consciously against Asian ? tendencies is not to break tease apart from the cage of myt h and legend it is to turn the very key that locks you inside (151). By defying Asian American stereotypes Liu was feeding the stereotype of the typical Asian, waspy Yale student. In collage Liu used what he had absorbed and learned ripening up about the white culture to survive and thrive. Additionally, Liu speaks of a Korean boy at the Asian American Student Association booth who merely offered an introduction.Liu put his name on a send out list so not to look impolite, but Liu had already decided not to be lively in any Asian-only associations. His actions were fueled by a fear imbedded in and shared by some immigrants that they may be primarily known for their culture and thus written off. Liu reacts by not waiver out of his way to make Asian friends or get involved in Asian groups. The intellect Liu gave him self for not getting involved in any Asian groups was that he didnt want to be a part of a clique, that he didnt want to get absorbed and lose his individuality (150) .The problem is that by not embracing his own culture he is actually destroying and hurting his individuality. Liu wanted to change himself so that he would hurl no aspects of the typical Asian but by doing so he is losing what makes him opposite and unique. By changing looks, acts, and what he even studies, Liu is just proving that judgung someone by their race alright and allowable. Liu is keep the expansion of accepting someone for who he or she ise not what they look like, talk like or where they come from.One of the great civil rights activist Rosa Parks decided to show people through a non-violent demonstration that the discrimination of African Americans based on the color of their black skin was wrong. One day she sat in the front of the bus designated for white people, and refused to give up her rear in the front of the bus to a white man and was sent to jail. Rosa Parks could see moved to the natural covering of the bus and further prolonging black persecution, but she decided to stay and sit. She wanted people to know that judging people on the color of their skin is wrong.Furthermore, if someone believes that he or she is at a disadvantage, he or she get out try to find other aspects that will gain back lost ground. If a football player is trying out for a team and he knows he is not very good at caching the ball, the player will work extra hard to have a speed advantage over the other players so that he can still befool the attention of the coaches. Liu not only believed that he was inferior to whites but that he deficient to every race I believed that I lacked the connections, the wealth, the experience, the sophistication that so many of my classmates seemed to have(151).Liu saw the power that whites have in this country, and as Liu began to blend into white, middle-class America, he saw that he was actually beginning to ? make it. Lius acceptance to Yale led to many other privileged experiences. Extracurriculars opened the door to an alumni internship, which brought him to Capital Hill, which led to a job and a carriage in Washington after commencement (151). By almost any standards of American society, Liu would be considered elect and one of the privileged. There is never one way to get something done or get somewhere.To cypher there is one way and one way only is a very squid and minute way of thinking. Once one has achieved ones goal, he or she may think of many things that one could have done differently and recognize things you did that were not smart. Liu realizes that the straightening path he took was not the only or even the take up path he could have taken to achieve his goals (151). When dealing with race one does not accept or reject everything about ones race. Finding a happy medium and looking at everything objectively is the key.Liu states that he could have spared himself a great deal of heartache had he understood this earlier (151). Liu realizes that the way to success is to blend in to t he whites race. He sees the power that white people hold and tries to adapt. Liu tries to change himself so that he will not give off any aspects of the typical Asian American. After Liu assimilates he starts to reap the benefits of a honorary white. Liu gets into a good school and gets a good job but all at the price of his individuality.

Discrimination in Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Discrimination in health care EssayThe new evidence is whether or not certain treatment was unfavourable to the psyche claiming variation, counsel on the consequences of the treatment on the person claiming direct discrimination because of a protected judge. Examples of direct discrimination An employer advises an employee that they will not be trained to work on new machinery because they are too old(a) to learn new skills.The employer has discriminated against the employee by denying them training in their employment on the basis of their age. A current estate broker refuses an African mans application for a lease. The real estate agent tells the man that the landlord would prefer an Australian tenant. The real estate agent has discriminated against the man by denying him accommodation on the basis of his race. IndirectThe definition of indirect discrimination has been simplified by removing existing technicalities and providing further clarity around the factors to c onsider in determining whether a requirement, condition or practice is reasonable in the circumstances. Indirect discrimination will occur where a person imposes, or proposes to impose, a requirement, condition or practice that has, or is likely to have, the effect of disadvantaging people with a protected attribute, and that is not reasonable.The new test for indirect discrimination needs a person to show that the requirement, condition or practice causes, or is likely to cause disadvantage, rather than demonstrating that they cannot comply with a requirement, condition or practice removes the requirement that the person claiming indirect discrimination must establish that a substantially higher proportion of people without the attribute that they have can comply with the requirement, condition or practice places the onus of proof regarding the easonableness of the requirement, condition or practice on the person who imposed or proposes to impose it extends the facto rs to be considered in determining whether a requirement, condition or practice is reasonable.

Blue Shield Health Insurance Essay Example for Free

puritanic Shield Health Insurance EssayThe good-for-naught Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) serves independent local Blue Cross and Blue Shield companies as its swop association. The BCBSA is one of the nations oldest and biggest health benefits company, widely recognized in the health indemnity industry, condition its 800 strong employee strength, across 39 companies in Chicago and Washington D. C. BCBSA companies together cover about 98 million good deal or about every one in three Ameri provokes. The reach and spread head of the BCBSA is really immense practical application all 50 states and the District of Columbia, in contract with over 90% of the hospitals and 80% of physicians. The products serviced by BCBSA covers individuals to small and large employers, ensuring coverage to all citizens. Through its several unprecedented and modern schemes, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association tries to bring health explosive charge insurance to all sight providing h ope and security to everyone. The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association is an insurance provider covering healthcare for to a undischargeder extent than 98 millions, nearly one in three Americans. Healthcare insurance is a must for everyone.It is necessary to keep the economy going and growing because once the people are cover under some healthcare insurance, their aesculapian checkup checkup needs are adequately taken care of, which makes their productiveness go up because better health obviously results in better work performance. If the concept of insurance were non Blue Cross and Blue Shield 3 there, then every individual would cede had to save a huge amount of money as reserve to cover some unanticipated or unexpected calamities. Healthcare is one aspect which can never be compromised.With the mounting medical expenses, people without a healthcare insurance can just not afford to avail puritanical preventive and therapeutic treatment. With the cost of medical services g rowing by leaps and bounds, healthcare insurance is controlling for one and all. Healthcare insurance company to a fault stands to benefit because when they are likely to pay more in claims than what they get in premiums, a hike in the premium is anticipated. Under the employer-sponsored healthcare insurance, the employer spends nearly five times more than what the employee contributes.But the increasing medical costs retain a great impact on the employers who draw to pay out huge sums as premiums for their employees. From 1998 to 2003, there was a study increase of 42% in individual premiums after adjustments made with regard to inflation. With the increase in medical costs, employees are forced to contribute a sizable amount towards their coverage, so they opt to stay out-of-door from the job-based health insurance plans. The employers depend more on part-time and contract workers who are frequently not eligible for coverage.So fewer people access employer-paid healthcare i nsurance. The job instability too contributes in the steady increase of the number of uninsurable people. And then there are some firms, which do not provide health insurance to their employees. With the shooting medical expenses, it is difficult for people to go for healthcare coverage, as the premiums are high. This leaves them uninsured, which again has drastic effects affecting Blue Cross and Blue Shield 4 both the people and the company.So, healthcare insurance has now become something that people can n any do with nor do without it. To combat this scenario, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association brings various new schemes fetching into consideration the needs of every individual. With no insurance and with the exorbitant medical expenses, the health care of the people is greatly compromised. They go in for lesser preventive care with the result diseases get out of croak before they are diagnosed, and even when diagnosed, the treatment costs are so huge that the therapeutic care is compromised.With no insurance, people are expected to pay up-front for the medical services and so they defer medical care except when it is life threatening. This also affects the government because it has to cater to the medical needs of the uninsured, which has a atrocious impact on the economy because the expenses of the emergency department is much higher than in the outpatient clinics, and the conditions are often those that could have been averted or postponed with preventive care.Proper health insurance package is the icing on the cake. The medical expenses are so much that healthcare insurance acts as a major deciding portion when people seek jobs. With the ever-increasing medical expenses, every individual has to be insured medically so that they can avail the needed healthcare. But with the increased insurance premiums, the number of uninsured people is on the high. Furthermore, insurances have too many exclusions like certain drugs not being covered, certain Bl ue Cross and Blue Shield 5procedures not being covered and the like, which again discourages people from being insured, which is detrimental to the citizens as well as the country at large. Even with insurance, the prospects of the people losing their jobs and thereby their insurances is there. There definitely have to be changes in the system so that every individual could be worked into the health insurance plan. The judgment of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association president and CEO Scott P Serota testifies this With such divergent political ideologies, it is unprecedented for these groups to have a joint agreement.Helping the millions of Americans who do not have health insurance is an issue that needs to transcend politics and partisanship, and that is why we worked together to give Congress a starting point that we can all support. The 2005 data shows that one in seven American was uninsured thus depriving them of basic healthcare. The Institute of Medicine has that approx imately 18,000 die every year of diseases that could have either been treated or prevented had they had health coverage. Lack of insurance prevents people leading a quality life, and it also brings down their productivity because of their recurrent ailments.The first annual National Walk Lunch Day to be held on Wednesday, April 18, 2007, by BCBSA (Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association) will definitely bring about an cognisance among people about the need for an active lifestyle, which obviously would usher in better health. Unlike the customary health insurance companies, Blue cross and Blues Shield Association design innovative schemes to fight the diversified requirement of the market. It does a Blue Cross Blue shield 6 lot of activeness to keep the competition at bay. Even though derive making is the mainobjective in any organization, Blue cross and Blues Shield Association takes care that it does not become the doctor objective. A paradigm shift in this regard is obvious by the mere existence of CareFirst, the non profit health care company which provides health insurance products and administrative services. In the current scenario where the number of uninsured people is on the rise, Blue cross and Blues Shield Association has to be applauded for its efforts in nerve-wracking to bring the maximum people under the healthcare insurance cover. REFERENCES www. nchc. org www. bcbs. com www. money. cnn. com

An Analysis Of Boys and Girls

An epitome Of Boys and GirlsAccording to R. W. Connell when sex region theory provided the main framework, there was a fairly straightforward bank bill of how people acquired gender. Babies were, from the start, identified as either female or male and put in ping and blue baby clothes respectively. Blue babies were expected to behave differently from pink babies rougher and tougher, more demanding and vigorous. In time they were given toy guns, footballs and construction sets. The pink babies, by contrast, were expected to be more static and compliant, also prettier. As they grew older they were dressed in frilly clothes, given dolls and make-up kits, told to take give care of their appearance and be polite and agreeable (94). This type of gender practice can be seen in Alice Munros story Boys and Girls. This is a story about a girlish girls resistance to womanhood in a inn infested with gender roles and stereotypes. Munro makes the point that gender stereotyping, relations hips, and a loss of innocence play an important, and very much controversial role in the growing and passing into adulthood for many green children. This story takes topographic point in the 1940s on a fox farm outside of Jubilee. During this time, women are viewed as befriend class citizens, but the storyteller is not going to accept this po getion without a fight.Alice Munro creates an unsung and therefore undignified, female protagonist and thus she proposes that the teller is without identity or the prospect of power. Un resembling the girl, the young brother Laird is named a name that means lord and implies that he, by virtue of his gender alone, is invested with identity and is to choke a master. This stereotyping in names alone seems to represent that gender does play an extreme role in the mental hospital of young children into adults.R. W. Connell claims that the socialization model recognizes just one direction of learning towards the sex role norms. It is diffi cult, in such a framework, to understand the changes of direction that often appear in a young persons life, coming apparently from nowhere. Such changes can be seen in the story. Growing up, the young girl loves to table service her father outside with the foxes, rather than to aid her mother with dreary and peculiarly depressing work in the kitchen. In this escape from her predestined responsibilities, the narrator looks upon her mothers assigned tasks to be endless, while she views the work of her father as ritualistically important. This view illustrates her happy childhood, filled with dreams and fantasy. Her contrast between the work of her father and the chores of her mother, symbolizes an arising struggle between what the narrator is expected to do and what she wants to do. Work make by her father is viewed as world real, while that done by her mother is considered boring. Conflicting views of what is fun and what is expected lead the narrator to her fundament into adult hood.The protagonist in the story begins to realize societys views of her when her father introduces her to a salesman, while she is working outside, as his new hired hand. She is some pleased until the salesman replies I thought it was only a girl. Even her grandmother bombards her with commands, Girls keep their knees together when they sit down. And Girls dont slam doors like that. The worst is when she asks a question and her grandmother answers Thats none of a girls business. Even afterward that, she continues to slam doors and sit awkwardly because she feels that it keeps her free. In other words, she is not ready to accept and claim her gender identity a tendency that disturbs her mother and it is at this time, that the mother, good intentionally shackles her daughter to her correct throw in in the world to prepare her for stereotypes later on in life. However, after talking with her mother, the narrator realises that she has to catch a girl A girl was not, as I had supp osed, simply what I was it was what I had to become. Here, the narrator realises that there is no escape from the predetermined duties that go along with the passage of a child into being a girl and a girl into a woman.Boys and Girls by Alice Munro highlights and emphasises the theme of initiation. The story depicts initiation as a rite of passage according to gender stereotypes and a loss of innocence. Conformity plays a vital role in determining the outcome of the narrators passage into adulthood. Throughout the story, the narrator is confronted with conflicting thoughts and ideas regarding her initiation into adulthood. Ultimately, she wishes to work with her father, and stay a tomboy, but through a conflict with her mother and grandmother, she comes to realise that she is expected, like the women before her, to adopt the gender stereotype which comes with her growing and passing into adulthood. Similarly, her younger brother, Laird, is also initiated, but into manhood, something he yearns for. In conclusion, Munros story illustrates the struggles between the dreams and reality of the rite of passage and initiation, based on gender stereotypes society has placed on men and women.

Technology Used By Drug Dealers Information Technology Essay

applied science Used By Drug Dealers In inningation engineering science EssayThe Report discuss intimately the lesson of an arrested medicine dealer who is suspected of the operations which argon cultivatening with the help of laptop computer. In the first variance of the glide by notice (of) it gives the details about main technologies which the suspect makes use in order to pass by with his co-conspirators, it in a manage(p) manner points out the problems posed by the technologies in carrying out the forensic investigation.In the second part the report discuss about the workable sources of yard which could be obtained from the laptops lodge form.2. Computer ForensicsComputer forensics is a counterbalance of forensic science getting to legal evidence found in computers and digital storage media, it is also cognize as digital forensics.The goal of computer forensics is to explain the current state of a digital artifact where as the term digital artefact stand i ncludes computer carcass, storage medium and an electronic catalogue.The subject matter of computer forensics has evolved into major field in the legal systems around the world, in the year 2002 the FBI stated that cubic decimeter percent of the cases the FBI now opens involve a computer1.similar to the pathological forensic which is called the forensic medicine where as the organic structure temperature cuts and marks etc atomic number 18 looked for, clues and marks are looked within the system memory to get the detail comment which effects to the relationship of the crime, these are looked by the digital forensic.We can make a challenge for the digital forensic which involves retrieving the entropy from the existing or from the deleted files.The challenge of the digital forensic examiner is toTo determine what attri excepte of pasts have been produced the evidence before us.To understand what figure of pasts could not have produced the evidence before us. fitting to giv e a demonstration on the value of the assessment to the third parties which it should be brain to them.3. Technology apply by medicate dealers jibe to the current analytic thinking we have to lift the answers for the questions that are searing which are the possible let out technologies that the medicine dealer could possible uses it,There are three questionsQno1 what is the study for the illicit drug dealers to turn on the computer technologies to run their business?Qno2 What are the attractive technologies that a drug dealer uses to perform his communication with co-conspirators without being caught by the police?Qno3 How and what possible conclusions can be obtained from the analysis?4. about the virgin technologyAns1 answer to the first one is twofold.Ans2 the latest communication technologies apply by the drug dealers areTo reach the outsizedr audience and to expand the base of the businessTo run the operations as secretly as possibleAnd not to leave both evidence to the police. harmonise to the current situation the dealings and the business runs by using the mobile phones, mobile phones are the around widely utilize by the drug dealers for the communication but this trend is changing because now a days the mobiles can be tapped on the lucre and even if the phone is misplaced or scattered indeed the contacts of all the drug dealers can be revealed and by using the mobile phones they cant communicate in the crowded places. Hence the selection of the new ways of communication is imminent.The advent of modern shekelswork technologies like computer to computer communication technologies and kindly networking websites had made the communication strong and had opened the new ways to communicate finished the various places for the each individual.The technologies adopted by the drug dealers for the communication isSpamming net drug dealer gets 30years in prison revealed by CNET news in the year 2007 2nd deluxeItalian drug dealers as early adapters of innovative communications technology revealed by Experiential in the year 2008 23rd august.Google site used by drug gang revealed by BBC news in the year 2005 22nd July.5. Key technologies used for communications by drug dealersListed below are or so of the key communication technologies that a drug dealer is believed to be using to perform his operations.1. Instant courier courses2. Social networking websites3. VOIP programs4. Email encryption programs and spamming.5. topic manduction websites.6. Private online chat rooms.7. Blogging and micro blogging websites.Instant courier ProgrammesInstant messenger curriculums had been the main source because these are fast and easy and they are lendable in the market for a quite while now, normal programmes like Google talk, yahoo messenger, windows live messenger, meebo and many early(a) are used by a large number of drug users. These import messenger programmes can be linked with free instant messenger chat encrypti on software which is used to useable considerably in the internet.IM ENCRYPTO is one much(prenominal) software which can be used in conjunction with the yahoo messenger and establish the capture connections which can only be deciphered by the computer which is having the reform encryption key.Having installed the program need to be generated a key pair which is used for the encryption and decryption, this type of operation is performed on the second stage of IM Crypto configuration wizard, and one more(prenominal) authorized point about the software is that the others cannot see the chat messages and they only see the garbled set of characters, but this software essential be installed by the two parties where the communication is done.Social networking websitesThere are so many social networking websites like face book, orkut, Hi5, Friendster MySpace, net log etc, The social networking sites also serve the qualitative purpose of the drug market as majority of the consumers of illegal drugs happen to be teenagers who are also largest spenders of time on the social networking websites and hence they have a great probability of being contacted by a drug dealer.The drug dealer could also use these social networking sites to keep in contact, exchange information, advertise his products, restore new drug peddlers, and get information on events and student gatherings all at the easy and loneliness tallyered by these websites.Orkut is one such popular website which it is to be operated by the Google which it is on the news on the upstart days for the wrong reasons. Criminals such as the drug peddlers establish members-only groups on popular social networking websites and thusly exchange messages and information with other members.And also the advent of 3G mobile communications ensured mobility and faster connectivity to the internet. Hence the drug dealers can communicate through social networking websites right from their mobile phones using unsecure wifi hot spots and hence get away un-detected.Similar to Instant messenger programmes, the social networkings websites can also used on the 3G phones and hence pose a danger of highly secure communication channel to the drug peddlers.VOIP programmesVoIP programmes could unfeigned well be the most popular and useful communication between the drug dealers because softwares like Skype is so useful in the communication because it offers with the less cost and even it is the secured communication Skype has been the most used software in the VoIP programmes which are followed by windows messenger and yahoo messenger.These VoIP programmes is that which it helps the drug dealers to communicate by the representative and by the video with their customers through the internet, it is the most secure communication to the drug dealers and these conversations cannot be kiboshed by the police.According to the Reports in BBC website, officers in milian say organised crime, arms and drug traffickers , and prostitution rings are tour to Skype in order to frustrate investigators.www.bbc.com stated that on 20/05/2010 that the Italy police warn of Skype threatSkype programme is secure because it uses the encryption system and it is easily available in the market where as the encryption system the company keeps the issue confidential and even it does not discloses to the law enforcement agencies.So according to the sources available in VoIP programmes the drug dealers uses this communication to perform their operations.Email encryption programmes and spammingData encryption is the source where it is done in a process because nobody can read the data or message expects the person whom the data is address.Drug dealers will very well make use of the different email encryptions like logical argument exchange, certified mail, read notify, which these encryptions work with the e-mail guests like Microsoft-outlook.Drug dealers send the spam messages to the people through email about thei r business, they use the email communication as the source to their advertisements in free off costs we have seen so many spam messages appear in Google mail accounts.Recently a famous website named www.pcworld.idg.com stated on 17/05/2010 that drug dealing spammers hits the Gmail accountsEncryption is a technique that it changes the data into a gibber value by using the mathematical algorithms this helps the drug dealers to communicate the data to the addressed person, and no other can read the data, gibberish value means the data will be written in technical word or in the meaningless sentences, if the recipient has the confidential key needed to decrypt the message the designation will be changed back to the original message.The increasing phenomenon fetching place in the internet is that if the criminals hiring the spammers and the specialists in IT, because the can promote the website where the drugs can be sold illegally. save these types of spammed websites can be quickly discovered, but the drug tracking dealers use the different multiple layers.5. Content sharing websitesContent sharing websites like mega upload, rapid share, Z Share etc are used by the drug dealers for communication and also torrent sharing websites are used for the communication.Websites like p2p sharing programmes and client softwares are also used by the drug dealers for the communication.Drug dealers use this because these types of websites can share the more content and can uses to upload or download for minimum of 10mb for free off cost.Whereas the lime wire, subroutine torrent, u torrent helps to upload or download the torrent files in the internet which these comes under the p2p sharing programmes.But compared to the other communications used by the drug dealers this is little bit slower but is secured.6. Private online chat roomsPrivate online chat rooms offer drug dealers and other criminals such as terrorists with secure communication channels where exchange of informa tion can only be mum by the communicating end users this is a form of synchronous conferencing which it exchanges text messages on the internet. Encryption technologies like SSL are applied by the private chat rooms because to make it impossible to access their conversations to any interceptor and even makes impossible to build evidence.7. Blogging and micro blogging websitesSimilar to the social networking websites the drug dealers uses the websites like twitter they form the members in groups, where they can make messages and information and this information can be made updated daily and it can reach all the members and in the groups in that network, this way of communication is secure and fast. Which it provides a most secure and fast mode of communication to the drug dealers, and no large chunks of data will be transferred as in a VoIP call or no packet sniffers can be used to intercept keywords in emails and in instant messages.Drug dealers places their advertisements in the f amous websites like they simply put an excerption to click if the button is clicked it directly goes to the websites of the drug dealers and it is accessed , using these type blogs by drug dealers develop their drug business.6. ConclusionsAs per the above analysis the most secure and used communication by the drug dealers is the VoIP programme softwares because this uses the Skype software and it is used with free of cost and secure of all the communication because it provides video calling and then the drug dealers can be sure that they are talking to the right person and the information that they are transmitting is reaching the right person and the Skype software is easy to access and is easy for the installation.The most important plus point in Skype is the impenetrable security aspect which the drug dealers can understand very well and hence use the system without putting their identities and information.Another key observation from the above analysis is that the drug dealers mainly follows the encryption techniques as the mode of communication, because they largely dependent on the encryption techniques .Be it the encrypted email, encrypted instant messenger programmes etc.All these technologies use method of encryption system that makes the flowing information gibberish to anyone other than the person with the right key to decrypt the message.Hence the computer forensics experts can easily find out the cracks and codes for those type of encryption and decryption methods and nab the criminals and can mount an evidence against them.7. Analysis of possible sources evidence in the laptop file systemExtraction of evidence from a computer file system and from other digital devices like mobile phones and PDAs usually deals with the extraction of the contents of the files and the folders which are available in the laptop file system.It also deals with the extracted content from the files and folders as the taken data where as the interpreted data can be used for the process of the ongoing investigation to complete the digital forensic. tied(p) though it reveals all the data, it is difficult and hard to the digital forensic expert to find out and it poses the real challenge. This section of the report deals with the discussion on the possible places where evidence may be found on the laptop file system. It also deals in finding the relative importance of the evidence by classifying it on the basis of the evidence obtained and the sources of the evidence obtained.8 .Sources of evidence in the laptop file systemIn order to understand the possible places in the file system we have to understand the file system and the technologies used for itThey should have a technical knowledge onSoftware packages present on the laptopThe operating system of the laptopThe file systems in the laptopThe type data organization that is available in the laptop.The forensic analysis on the seized laptop of the drug dealer would certainly contain thousands if not millions of files. Each of these files can be broadly classified into eitheruser created filessystem filesThere may be a number of locations to look for on the file systems and therefore it is important to make a note.Possible locations of finding digital evidenceEmail files.Calendars.Address books.Documents or text files.Bookmarks and favouritesText and document files.Image or graphic filesCompressed files.Hidden files.Audio filesVideo files.Spread sheet files. dual-lane files.Downloaded filesUploaded files.The possible locations under the system created files areLog filesSwap filesHistory filesTemporary filesBack up filesSystem filesCookiesPrinter filesHidden filesConfiguration filesStorage filesLarge filesData filesDrive filesApart from the user created files and the system files there are number of other places to look for evidences such asComputer dateComputer timeComputer passwordDeleted filesSlack shoesFree spaceBad clustersUnallocated spaceSystem areasLost clustersMeta data.Deleted filesReserved areasSoftware registrationOther partitionsSoftware informationThe most popular types of file systems are two typesFAT typeNTFS systemFAT stands for file allocation table, an understanding of the file system is important for the effective forensic analysis.NTFS system allows the file encryption and folder encryption where as it is not possible in the FAT32 system.The disk organisation is also an important concept to be understand for the effective analysisFile allocation tables, adding and deleting files, partitions and master boot records and the patterns behind them can give a very useful insight to the investigation. The retrieval of deleted files is another aspect of digital forensic investigation. The recovery of deleted files can be obtained by using debugging.9. ConclusionsAs discussed earlier even though a large amount of data can be obtained from a digital device such as laptop and from a PDA that is seized from drug dealer.But the problem for the forensic expert is to find the authentic evidence which can be presentable in the court.The common and known challenges to authenticity of digital evidence areAuthenticating content.Alterations authorship.Authenticating contentSo many several cases have considered that to evidence at the same time what creation is necessary for the contents and appearance of a website.Web pages which are having URL and having date stamp are not self-authenticating.So, according to the analysis courts require testimony of a person with knowledge of the websites appearance to authenticate images of that websiteAlterationsAs per the analysis the computer electronic records are easy to alter, even the opposing parties often declare that computer records lack the authenticity.Courts have rejected arguments that electronic evidence is inherently unreliable because of its potential for manipulation.AuthorshipAlthough handwritten records may be penned in a distinctive handwriting style, computer-stored r ecords do not inevitably identify their author there is a particular problem with the internet communications.For example internet technologies permit users to send effectively anonymous emails, and internet relay chat channels permit users for communication without uncover their real names.