Horizontal Cartels: Hard-core restrictions regarded as the ultimate devils against controversy: price-fixing, food market sharing, bid-rigging. Pre-Insulated Pipes (Concerted practice; Parent-subsidiary liability; requisite standard of mesh in a cartel) 10Â Â Â Â Â The facts giving rise to the actions before the solicit of First Instance, as set out in the judgments infra appeal, may for the purposes of the present judgment be summarised as follows. 11Â Â Â Â Â The appellants are companies operating in the territorial rule heating sector. They produce, or market, pre-insulated pipes for that sector. 12Following a complaint lodged on 18 January 1995 by the Swedish undertaking Powerpipe AB (Powerpipe), the focussing and representatives of the competition Authorities of the Member States concerned carried out, on 28 June 1995, authoritative investigations, on the basis of bind 14 of Regulation No 17, at the premises of 10 undertakings or associations in the regulariz e heating sector, including the applicants, or certain establishments belonging to them. 13Â Â Â Â Â The learning sent requests for information, pursuant to article 11 of Regulation No 17, to most of the undertakings involved in the facts in issue.
14     On 20 March 1997, the relegation sent a instruction of objections to certain of the applicants and to the other undertakings concerned, in accordance with Article 2(1) of Commission Regulation No 99/63/EEC of 25 July 1963 on the interviews provided for in Article 19(1) and (2) of Council Regulation No 17 (OJ, English Special Edition 1963-1969, p. 47). 15     A listening of the undertakings conce! rned took place on 24 and 25 November 1997. 16     On 21 October 1998, the Commission adopted the contested decision, in which it found that various undertakings, and in particular certain of the appellants, had participated in a series of agreements and concerted practices within the meaning of Article 85(1) of the EC Treaty (now Article 81(1) EC) (the cartel). 17     According...If you requisite to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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